What does "airframe icing" refer to in aviation?

Airframe icing refers to the accumulation of ice on aircraft surfaces during flight, particularly when flying through clouds that contain supercooled liquid water droplets. This phenomenon can adversely affect the aircraft's aerodynamics, control surfaces, and overall performance. When ice forms on critical areas like wings, stabilizers, or control surfaces, it can significantly increase weight, disrupt airflow, and lead to an increase in stall risk. Understanding airframe icing is crucial for flight safety, as pilots need to take appropriate measures or avoid conditions conducive to icing.

The other options focus on different aspects of icing and freezing in aviation. Fuel freezing in engines can cause operational issues, while frost formation on wings and ice on runways also presents safety hazards for aircraft. However, none encompass the broader definition or significance of airframe icing as it specifically relates to the aircraft's structure and performance during flight.